Spider silk has also been one of the hot research topics in recent years and has shown great application and commercial value in various fields ( 8, 9, 10). It can be seen that there have been many research works on spider silk and it has obtained preliminary applications in many fields. By the time of World War II, spider silk was used as a crosshair in the optical device of the sighting system of telescopes, guns ( 4, 5, 6, 7), etc. Indigenous people used spider silk as a fishing line. The ancient Greeks used spider silk to stop bleeding and heal wounds.
As early as thousands of years ago, people had a certain understanding of the application value of spider silk. It is one of the best materials produced in nature ( 3). It belongs to a type of bioelastic fiber. Natural spider silk is a natural protein biomaterial secreted by spiders through their silk glands. Among the natural biological materials, spider silk has attracted more and more scholars with its excellent comprehensive properties. So, the research and development of biomaterials has become a research hotspot ( 1, 2). Now that sustainable development has become a common theme in today’s world, it is increasingly urgent to develop materials that meet sustainable development. Finally, the research directions and future development trends of spider silk biomimetic materials are prospected.įor more than half a century, the rise of synthetic polymer materials has not only brought many conveniences to people’s lives, but also caused serious “white pollution” problems due to their inability to recycle and the lack of biodegradability. In addition, from the perspective of practical applications, the latest application of spider silk biomimetic materials in the fields of medicine, textiles, and sensors is reviewed, and the inspiration, feasibility, and performance of finished products are briefly introduced and analyzed. The principles and characteristics of new materials and their potential applications in the future are described. The part of the material characteristics mainly describes the biocomposites based on spider silk proteins and spider silk fibers, nanomaterials and man-made fiber materials based on spider silk and spider-web structures. Then, the development status of spider silk bionic materials is reviewed from the perspectives of material mechanical properties and application. It shows the great research value of spider silk and spider silk bionic materials. This article first summarizes the structure and the characteristics of natural spider silk.
Its mechanical properties and biocompatibility are incomparable with those of other natural and artificial materials. Through the demonstration of various sensors based on this material, including a heart pulse sensor, it is hoped these results will aid further development of spider silk-based electronics.Spider silk is a kind of natural biomaterial with superior performance. This material has improved toughness compared to the uncoated fibre whilst also being electrically conductive, with conductivity dependent on physical strain of the thread and also humidity. When dried, the spider silk turned black and contracted in length, covered uniformly by the carbon nanotubes. They then pressed the mixture between Teflon sheets to apply a shearing strain. The researchers mixed spider silk with a powder of carbon nanotubes and exposed it to a few drops of water. When exposed to water, the tough spider silk softens and contracts. Saleh from Baghdad University, have developed a synthetic procedure for the coating of spider silk with conductive carbon nanotubes, and describe their method in Nature Communications1. Eden Steven and colleagues, including Wasan R. Spider silk has several structurally beneficial properties that may be attractive for use in electronic devices, such as great strength and flexibility, but its use in electronic applications depends on its compatibility with conductive materials. Scanning Electron Microscope image of a coated spider silk fibre.
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